欧美性爱片

Researchers have evaluated and ranked policies and manifesto pledges for their effectiveness in tackling climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution levels.

To date, little quantitative evidence exists to compare different solutions in addressing environmental threats.

The team created models to integrate different disciplines, concepts and solutions to address a range of environmental issues - evaluating their effectiveness in limiting climate change, reducing biodiversity loss, reducing pollution and therefore addressing overall environmental breakdown.

They found that two different solutions emerged from the models:

• Comprehensive 鈥楪reen New Deal鈥� scenarios, which create green jobs, while removing fossil fuel subsidies, increasing taxation on polluting products, and reducing intensive food production.
• Nature-based solutions, which involve creating new habitats, such as forests, as well as improving management of existing areas.

The research was undertaken by 欧美性爱片, Cardiff University, University College London and the British Ecological Society.

Lead author, Professor Rick Stafford of 欧美性爱片, said: 鈥淭hese two approaches are complementary, where the most effective solution uses both nature-based solutions and big economic changes, such as green taxation.

鈥淗owever, pursuit of economic growth makes strategies such as nature-based solutions much less effective. Solely focussing on 鈥榞reen growth鈥� is also an ineffective strategy, unless combined with more comprehensive reforms.鈥�

The team have used the models to predict which political party鈥檚 manifesto pledges would be most effective.

Labour鈥檚 鈥楪reen Industrial Revolution鈥� covers much of the necessary societal changes for addressing environmental concerns, including reform of agriculture and some commitment to establishing nature-based solutions -聽 the prediction is this is the most comprehensive strategy of the main three parties.

The Liberal Democrat manifesto is almost the mirror image, with stronger commitments to protecting and restoring the natural environment, but weaker societal reforms - the models predict this is the second best set of policies.

The Conservative manifesto website indicates they would 鈥減rioritise the environment [鈥�] investing in the infrastructure, science and research that will deliver economic growth鈥�, a strategy shown to be ineffective, although there was also support for renewables in the full manifesto.

Tree planting and peatland restoration are also mentioned, but not on the scale committed to by the Liberal Democrats 鈥� out of the main three parties, this is the weakest set of policies.

However, it is one of the smaller parties which provide the most comprehensive solutions; the Green Party Manifesto covers 鈥楪reen New Deal鈥� principles, committing to nature-based solutions and refocussing economic performance away from measurement of growth 鈥� these measures are predicted to outperform all of the big three parties in terms of environmental protection.

Co-author Elli Rivers, a PhD student at 欧美性爱片, added: 鈥淭he Green Party manifesto pledges were put to the commons in March 2019 in the Decarbonisation and Economic Strategy Bill. So a good question to ask your prospective MPs would be whether they would support this bill鈥檚 progress if it was reintroduced in the next parliament. If they would, that could be a good way to vote.鈥澛犅犅犅犅�

The work will be presented at the British Ecological Society鈥檚 Annual Meeting in Belfast on the 11th December, a day before the general election.